It seems likely that Bassianus was his family name, since several of his relatives were also called as such, and Alexianus his actual given name, which was later converted to Alexander. According to the Historia Augusta, he wished to erect a temple to Jesus but was dissuaded by the pagan priests; however, much of this book is full of falsifications and modern scholars deem it almost completely untrustworthy. [45] Severus enforced a strict military discipline in his men that sparked a rebellion among his legions. Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 – 19 March 235) was Roman emperor from 222 to 235, and the last from the Severan dynasty. [16] Excessive luxury and extravagance at the imperial court were diminished,[17] and he restored the Baths of Nero in 227 or 229; consequently, they are sometimes also known as the Baths of Alexander after him. Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. It is still visible in Piazza dei Tribuni, in the Quadraro area in Rome, where it resembles a large earth mound. A súa avoa, verdadeira gobernante na sombra e promotora do nomeamento de Heliogábalo como emperador, comprendeu que os excesos deste emperador estaban a levar ós Severos por mal camiño, xa que a súa perda de popularidade entre o pobo romano, as lexións e senadores era xa patente; conseguiu que no 221 se lle concedese a virilis toga e que fose nomeado por Heliogábalo como césar e sucesor. Alejandro Representación en un mosaico de Alejandro Magno en la batalla de Issos … Wikipedia Español, Alejandro de Jerusalén — San Alejandro de Jerusalén Fallecimiento 251 Caesarea Maritima, Siria Palestina Venerado en Iglesia católica, Iglesia ortodox … Wikipedia Español, Severo Sarduy — (Camagüey, Cuba; February 25, 1937 – Paris; June 8, 1993) was a Cuban poet, author, playwright, and critic of Cuban literature and art. The Romans prepared heavily for the war, building a fleet to carry the entire army across. New York: Robert Appleton Company. [42], Dio was among those who gave a highly critical account of military discipline during the time, saying that the soldiers would rather just surrender to the enemy. Shahan, T. (1912). Fue oriundo de la ciudad de Afrodisias, en Caria.… … Wikipedia Español, Alejandro Radetic — Datos personales Nombre Alejandro Radetic Nacionalidad … Wikipedia Español, We are using cookies for the best presentation of our site. Cuando llegó a emperador se le otorgaron los títulos de Augusto y Pater Patria. Alexander's death marked the epoch event for the Crisis of the Third Century—nearly 50 years of civil wars, foreign invasion, and collapse of the monetary economy. The vase formed the basis of Jasperware. The following year he decreased the amount of base metal in the denarius while adding more silver, raising the silver purity and weight again to 50.5% and 1.50 grams. [33], Alexander's reign was also characterized by a significant breakdown of military discipline. [54] Yet by arrogating the power to dethrone their emperor, the legions paved the way for a half-century of widespread chaos and instability. Alexander was assassinated on 19 March 235, together with his mother, in a mutiny of the Legio XXII Primigenia at Moguntiacum (Mainz) while at a meeting with his generals. Alexander's mother, Julia Mamaea, asked for Origen to tutor Alexander in Christianity. [2] He and his cousin were both grandsons of the very influential and powerful woman Julia Maesa, who had arranged for Elagabalus' acclamation as emperor by the famous Third Gallic Legion. [52], This theory has it that, in an open tent after his lunch, Alexander was consulting with his insubordinate troops, who compared him to his cousin Elagabalus, the divisive and unpopular Emperor whose own assassination paved the way for Alexander's reign. Alexander could not openly punish the ringleader of the riot, and instead removed him to nominal post of honor in Egypt and then Crete, where he was "quietly put out of the way" sometime after the excitement had abated. Se le instruyó en todas las artes, derecho y ejército. BiographySarduy went to the equivalent of high school in Camagüey and in 1956 moved to Havana, where he began… … Wikipedia, Severo Alejandro — Severo Alejandro, Marco Aurelio * * * latín Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander orig. He was a soldier from Thrace who had a golden reputation and was working hard to increase his military status. Puedes añadirlas así o avisar … Wikipedia Español, Alejandro — is the Spanish form of the name Alexander.Alejandro is also the name of these places: * Alejandro de Humboldt National Park ( Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt ), a national park in Cuba * Alejandro Selkirk Island, an island in the Juan… … Wikipedia, Alejandro — puede referirse a: Contenido 1 Nombre 1.1 Personajes históricos 1.2 Alejandro I 1.3 Alejandro II 1.4 … Wikipedia Español, Severo — puede ser: Septimio Severo (emperador romano 193–211) Alejandro Severo (emperador romano 222–235) Severo II (emperador romano 305–307) Libio Severo (emperador romano 461–465) Esta página de desambiguación cataloga artículos relacionados con el… … Wikipedia Español, Alejandro (nombre) — Para otros usos de este término, véase Alejandro. Severus Alexander (/ s ə ˈ v ɪər ə s /; Latin: Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus; c. 208 – 19 March 235) was Roman Emperor from 222 to 235 and the last emperor of the Severan dynasty.He succeeded his cousin Elagabalus upon the latter's assassination in 222. Consiguieron que Heliogábalo lo adoptara el 16 de junio de 221 d.C. y le nombrara César como su sucesor legítimo. However, Rome was militarily confronted with the rising Sassanid Empire and growing incursions from the tribes of Germania. Alexander's grandmother Maesa believed that he had more potential to rule than her other grandson, the increasingly unpopular emperor Elagabalus. Gessius Bassianus Alexianus ( 209 AD, Fenicia–235, Galia). hub.witness.org. [46] He was also a man with superior personal strength, who rose to his present position from a peasant background. [42] Different reasons are given for this issue; Campbell points to, "...the decline in the prestige of the Severan dynasty, the feeble nature of Alexander himself, who appeared to be no soldier and to be completely dominated by his mother's advice, and lack of real military success at a time during which the empire was coming under increasing pressure. [4] He was also the second-youngest ever sole legal Roman Emperor during the existence of the united empire, the youngest being Gordian III. Alexander's death at the hands of his troops can also be seen as the heralding of a new role for Roman emperors. [44], As word of the invasion spread, the Emperor took the front line and went to battle against the Germanic invaders. [18] Additionally, during his reign taxes were lightened; literature, art and science were encouraged;[19] and, for the convenience of the people, loan offices were instituted for lending money at a moderate rate of interest. [15] He also created a municipal council of 14 who assisted the urban prefect in administering the affairs of the 14 districts of Rome. from the chapter entitled Administrative Strategies of the Emperor Severus Alexander and his Advisers, written by Lukas de Blois in the book Herrschaftsstrukturen und Herrschaftspraxis, chapter by. Within minutes, Alexander was dead. [13] He employed noted jurists to oversee the administration of justice, such as the famous jurist Ulpian. The discovery of the vase is described by Pietro Santi Bartoli and referenced on page 28 of a book on The Portland Vase. Upon his accession he reduced the silver purity of the denarius from 46.5% to 43%—the actual silver weight dropped from 1.41 grams to 1.30 grams; however, in 229 he revalued the denarius, increasing the silver purity and weight to 45% and 1.46 grams. [43], While Alexander was being educated in the Christian doctrines, the northern portion of his empire was being invaded by Germanic and Sarmatian tribes. By the time he and his mother arrived, the situation had settled, and so his mother convinced him that to avoid violence, trying to bribe the German army to surrender was the more sensible course of action. Fue apodado, gracias a su preeminencia, «el exégeta» (ὁ ἐξηγητής). The identity of Alexander's third wife is unknown. Alexander Severus. Alexander did not father children with any of his wives. [13] Alexander divorced and exiled Orbiana in 227, after her father, Seius Sallustius, was executed after being accused of treason. According to the most detailed authority, Herodian, the Roman armies suffered a number of humiliating setbacks and defeats,[31] while according to the Historia Augusta[32] as well as Alexander's own dispatch to the Roman Senate, he gained great victories. He was the last of the Syrian emperors and the first emperor to be overthrown by military discontent on a wide scale. [9] The Roman army hailed Alexander as emperor on 13 March 222, immediately conferring on him the titles of Augustus, pater patriae and pontifex maximus. [46] Due to incurring heavy losses against the Persians, and on the advice of his mother, Alexander attempted to buy the Germanic tribes off, so as to gain time. However, this together with the interpretations of the scenes depicted are the source of countless theories and disputed 'facts'. WITNESS se reserva el derecho de transferir información personal a un sucesor interesado, que adquiere derechos con respecto a esa información, como resultado de la venta de WITNESS [...] o de casi la totalidad de sus activos. The first claims that the disaffection of Mamaea was the main motive behind the homicide. The future emperor Severus Alexander was born on 1 October 208 in Arca Caesarea, Phoenicia. The large sarcophagus found inside the tomb in the 16th century, and which contained the emperor’s remains, is in the Palazzo dei Conservatori Museum in Rome. [58], Alexander's second wife was Sulpicia Memmia, a member of one of the most ancient Patrician families in Rome. [30] Of the war that followed there are various accounts. [13], Lampridius documents two theories that elaborate on Severus's assassination. [65], Media related to Severus Alexander at Wikimedia Commons. Enciclopedia Universal. [36][37] Still, Mesopotamia was retaken, and Ardashir was not thereafter able to extend his conquests, though his son, Shapur, would obtain some success later in the century. [47], It was this decision that resulted in the legionaries looking down upon Alexander. Sucesor: Maximino el Tracio: Información personal; Nombre secular: Marco Aurelio Severo Alejandro: Nacimiento: 1 de octubre de 208 Arca Cesarea: Fallecimiento: 18 de marzo de 235 (26 años) Moguntiacum, Germania Superior: Familia; Dinastía: Dinastía Severa: Padre: Marco Julio Gesio Marciano: Madre: Julia Mamea: Cónyuge: Salustia Orbiana (225-227) [41] The soldiers then fought a three-day battle against the populace of Rome, and this battle ended after several parts of the city were set on fire. Alexander’s body was buried together with the body of his mother Julia Manaea in a mausoleum in Rome. [53] After his death his economic policies were completely discarded, and the Roman currency was devalued; this signaled the beginning of the chaotic period known as the Crisis of the Third Century, which brought the empire to the brink of collapse.[49]. Maesa died in 224, leaving Mamaea as the sole influence upon Alexander's actions. Alejandro Severo — Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada, como revistas especializadas, monografías, prensa diaria o páginas de Internet fidedignas. Pusillanimity was responsible for the revolt of Alexander's army, resulting in Severus falling victim to the swords of his own men,[50] following the nomination of Maximinus as emperor. The soldiers serving under Alexander, already demoralized after their costly war against the Persians, were further discontented with their emperor when their homes were destroyed by the barbarian invaders. [citation needed] His advisers were men like the senator and historian Cassius Dio, and it is claimed that he created a select board of 16 senators,[14] although this claim is disputed. [citation needed] The emperor returned to Rome and celebrated a triumph in 233. Alexander's attendants fought against the other troops but could not hold off the combined might of those seeking the Emperor's assassination. A los 14 años de edad sucedió a Heliogábalo, que había sido asesinado por… … Enciclopedia Universal, Alejandro de Afrodisias — (en griego antiguo Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀφροδισιεύς) fue el más célebre de los comentaristas griegos de las obras de Aristóteles. A new and menacing enemy started to emerge directly after Alexander's success in the Persian war. hub.witness.org. [40] In 228, the Praetorian Guard murdered their prefect, Ulpian,[40] in Alexander's presence. The Portland vase itself was borrowed and near copied by Josiah Wedgewood who appears to have added modesty drapery. He confirmed that soldiers could name anyone as heirs in their will, whereas civilians had strict restrictions over who could become heirs or receive a legacy. [63][64], Also according to the Historia Augusta, Alexander's "chief amusement consisted in having young dogs play with little pigs." [7], Severus Alexander became emperor when he was around 14 years old, making him the youngest emperor in Rome's history, until the ascension of Gordian III. [33] Making Antioch his base, he organized in 233 a three-fold invasion of the Sassanian Empire; at the head of the main body he himself advanced to recapture northern Mesopotamia, while another army invaded Media through the mountains of Armenia, and a third advanced from the south in the direction of Babylon. Alexander was forced to face his German enemies in the early months of 235. [56] Pietro Bartoli indicates that the vase contained the ashes of Severus Alexander. It was the rumor of Alexander's death that triggered the assassination of Elagabalus and his mother.[3]. Emperador romano (222–235). [11] As a young, immature, and inexperienced adolescent, Alexander knew little about government, warcraft, or the role of ruling over an empire. This alienated many in the Roman Army, leading to a conspiracy that resulted in the assassination of Alexander and his mother Julia Avita Mamaea and the accession of Maximinus Thrax. But when campaigning against Germanic tribes, Alexander attempted to bring peace by engaging in diplomacy and bribery.